Key points of the India-Nepal Kalapani controversy:
Origin of the Kali River: The controversy arises from the differing interpretations of where the Kali River originates. India contends that the Kali River originates from the Kalapani area and flows through the Lipulekh Pass into the Ganges River. Nepal argues that the river originates from a different source and, therefore, the boundary should be adjusted accordingly.
Cartographic Disputes: Discrepancies in maps and cartographic representations further complicated the issue. Maps published by India showed the Kalapani region as part of its territory, while Nepal had its own maps illustrating a different boundary.
Lipulekh Pass: The Lipulekh Pass, which is strategically important for trade and pilgrimage routes to the Kailash Mansarovar in Tibet, was at the center of the dispute. Nepal claimed that the newly inaugurated road to Lipulekh Pass by India went through Nepali territory. India maintained that the road followed the pre-existing route.
Diplomatic Tensions: The dispute led to diplomatic tensions between the two countries, with both sides asserting their claims.
